Mandarin Squares

For thirteen centuries, a long series of grueling examinations were administered to male recruits of all ages for services to the emperor of China. For the fortunate few who passed, there were nine possible ranks, either civil or military, to be earned. Each rank was identified by finely woven or embroidered silk square that was worn on the front and back of a surcoat. Civil ranks were represented by birds, a different variety for each rank, while military squares used both real and mythological animals in their iconography.

The Mandarin Squares are graciously loaned from the private collection of Fred & Elizabeth Crook.